Impact of a Multicomponent Exercise Training Program on Muscle Strength After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: This study examined the benefits of an 11-months multicomponent exercise program (MEP) on muscular strength (MS) after bariatric surgery. METHODS: Of the 84 randomized patients, 41 participants from the exercise group (EG) and 20 participants from the control group (CG) were included in the analysis. The EG received supervised MEP for 11 months, starting 1-month post-bariatric surgery (BS) in addition to standard medical care, while the CG received medical care recommendations only. Knee and trunk MS was assessed by isokinetic dynamometry pre-surgery, 1-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery, while body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The MEP did not significantly impact absolute MS in the dominant knee and trunk regions at 6- and 12-month post-BS. However, relative MS showed significant improvements. At 6-month post-BS, knee flexion at 60°/s relative to body weight (BW) increased significantly (p = 0.047), as did knee extension at 180°/s relative to BW (p = 0.009), and knee extension at 60°/s relative to total lean mass (p=0.040). At 12-month post-BS, knee flexion at 60°/s relative to BW also significantly improved (p=0.038). CONCLUSION: While absolute MS was not significantly improved with MEP, this study found significant enhancements in relative MS, particularly in dominant knee flexion post-MEP participation. Further research should explore different exercise intensities and frequencies to optimize postoperative MS recovery post-BS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02843048).

Body Composition Changes in Adolescents Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to characterize the changes in body composition of children and adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery and identify possible negative effects of performing this procedure during pediatric ages. RECENT FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery in children and adolescents is an emerging strategy to promote higher and faster body weight and fat mass losses. However, possible negative effects usually observed in surgical patients' muscle-skeletal system raise a major concern perform this intervention during growth. Despite these possible issues, most experimental studies and reviews analyze bariatric surgery's effectiveness only by assessing anthropometric outcomes such as body weight and BMI, disregarding the short- and long-term impact of bariatric surgery on all body composition outcomes. Bariatric surgery is effective to reduce fat mass in adolescents, as well as body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. Significant reduction in lean mass and fat-free mass is also observed. Bone mass seems not to be impaired. All outcomes reduction were observed only in the first 12 months after surgery. Sensitivity analysis suggests possible sex and type of surgery-related differences, favoring a higher fat mass, body weight, and BMI losses in boys and in patients who underwent RYGB.

Morphological identification of Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Kogia sima (Cetacea: Kogiidae) from Brazilian waters.

New morphological, morphometric and scanning electron microscopy data of a nematode of the family Anisakidae, recovered from a specimen of Kogia sima, a cetacean that died off the northern coast of Brazil, are presented in this paper. Morphological features such as the violin-shaped ventricle and short and equal spicules, as well as the distribution of post-cloacal papillae and specificity for the definitive host (Kogiidae cetaceans) demonstrate similarity to Skrjabinisakis paggiae. This research records Kogia sima and S. paggiae on the estuarine coast of Pará, northern Brazil.

Filarial hyperinfection in two neotropical primates from eastern Amazon peri-urban areas.

We report two cases of disseminated hyperinfection by filariae in free-living primates Saimiri sciureus and Saguinus niger from eastern Amazon. Histopathological examination showed the presence of Dipetalonema gracile microfilariae in blood, liver, lungs, spleen, small intestine, kidney, brain, liver, and adults in peritoneal thoracic cavity.

An active break program (ACTIVA-MENTE) at elementary schools in Chile: study protocol for a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Physical inactivity is prevalent in childhood. Schools can be an ideal context to promote the regular practice of physical activity since children spend there a large part of the day. In this sense, an emerging and current trend is active breaks at school. This article presents a study protocol that seeks to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention with active breaks (ACTIVA-MENTE program) in a school context on physical activity, on-task classroom behavior, and the physical activity enjoyment in schoolchildren. Methods: The protocol includes children aged 10 to 11 years. Two groups will be randomized (intervention and control groups). The intervention group will use the active break program, ACTIVA-MENTE, which consists of the application of a 4-min, 30-s video with moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity. These breaks will be taken 6 times a day in the classes for 6 weeks. The total physical activity will be measured with accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3X-BT), the on-task behavior through the Direct Behavior Rating Scale and the level of enjoyment through the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Discussion: Previous research reported that active breaks have positive results in physical activity levels. This study will be one of the few to design active breaks through videos without depending on the presence of a physical education teacher and it can also provide new findings on the effectiveness of an active break's structure (e.g., types of exercises and intensity) on the indicated outcomes. Expected results: It is expected that the ACTIVA-MENTE program can be a suitable program for school settings, potentially increasing physical activity levels, and the commitment to the task, as well as be a pleasant moment for the students. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05403996.

Morphological identification of Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Kogia sima (Cetacea: Kogiidae) from Brazilian waters / Identificação morfológica de Skrjabinisakis Mozgovoi, 1951 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) em Kogia sima (Cetacea: Kogiidae) em águas brasileiras

Abstract New morphological, morphometric and scanning electron microscopy data of a nematode of the family Anisakidae, recovered from a specimen of Kogia sima, a cetacean that died off the northern coast of Brazil, are presented in this paper. Morphological features such as the violin-shaped ventricle and short and equal spicules, as well as the distribution of post-cloacal papillae and specificity for the definitive host (Kogiidae cetaceans) demonstrate similarity to Skrjabinisakis paggiae. This research records Kogia sima and S. paggiae on the estuarine coast of Pará, northern Brazil.

Resumo São apresentados, neste trabalho, novos dados morfológicos, morfométricos e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de um nematoide da família Anisakidae, recuperado de Kogia sima, um cetáceo que veio a óbito na costa norte do Brasil. Características morfológicas, como o ventrículo em forma de violino, espículos curtos e iguais, além da distribuição de papilas pós-cloacais e especificidade pelo hospedeiro definitivo (cetáceos Kogiidae) demonstram similaridade a Skrjabinisakis paggiae. Esta pesquisa registra Kogia sima e S. paggiae na costa estuarina paraense, norte do Brasil.

Impact of Long-Term Swimming Exercise on Rat Femur Bone Quality.

Considering the conflicting evidence regarding the potential long-term detrimental effect of swimming during growth on femur quality and fracture risk, our aim was to investigate the effect of eight months of swimming on femur quality. Twenty male eight-week-old Wistar rats were assigned into a swimming (SW; n = 10; 2 h/day, 5 days/week) or active control group (CG; n = 10, housed with running wheel) for eight months. Plasma osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen concentrations (ELISA) were assessed at baseline, four, and eight months of protocol. Femur structure (micro-computed tomography), biomechanical properties (three-point bending), and cellular density (histology) were determined after the protocol. SW displayed a lower uncoupling index, suggesting higher bone resorption, lower empty lacunae density, cortical and trabecular femur mass, femur length and cortical thickness, and higher cortical porosity than CG (p < 0.05). Although both biomarkers' concentrations decreased in both groups throughout the experiment (p < 0.001), there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). No differences were also found regarding biomechanical properties, bone marrow adiposity, and osteocyte and osteoclast densities (p > 0.05). Long-term swimming was associated with unbalanced bone turnover and compromised femur growth, lower femur mass, and deteriorated cortical bone microarchitecture. However, femur trabecular microarchitecture and biomechanical properties were not affected by swimming.

Telenursing in the sexual function of women with breast cancer: A study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Most women with breast cancer have sexual function problems related to cancer diagnosis and treatment. These problems harm the quality of life and relationships. However, most patients do not receive care or guidance regarding sexuality from healthcare providers. This study aimed to test the effect of telenursing counseling on sexual functioning in women undergoing breast cancer treatment. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 2 reference hospitals for cancer treatment. One hundred eight women with stage I-IV breast cancer undergoing treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormone therapy) with a partner will be included in this study. The study was authorized by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará (Opinion number: 46,13,609) and the Maternity School Assis Chateaubriand (Opinion number: 47,42,687). Patients will be allocated to the following groups: the control group, which will not receive an active intervention, and the intervention group, which will receive 3 telenursing counseling sessions for 6 weeks. The levels of sexual function in these patients before the intervention, soon after the intervention and at 12 weeks were compared and analyzed. All data will be collected and analyzed by the JASP program. RESULTS: Differences in levels of sexual function among women allocated to the control and intervention groups in the analyzed periods. CONCLUSION: This evidence-based nursing care strategy can be used to improve the sexual function of breast cancer patients and consequently their quality of life and marital relationship.

Bone Tissue Responsiveness To Mechanical Loading-Possible Long-Term Implications of Swimming on Bone Health and Bone Development.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To revisit the bone tissue mechanotransduction mechanisms behind the bone tissue response to mechanical loading and, within this context, explore the possible negative influence of regular swimming practice on bone health, particularly during the growth and development period. RECENT FINDINGS: Bone is a dynamic tissue, responsive to mechanical loading and unloading, being these adaptative responses more intense during the growth and development period. Cross-sectional studies usually report a lower bone mass in swimmers compared to athletes engaged in weigh-bearing sports. However, studies with animal models show contradictory findings about the effect of swimming on bone health, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies. Due to its microgravity characteristics, swimming seems to impair bone mass, but mostly at the lower limbs. It is unkown if there is a causal relationship between swimming and low BMD or if other confounding factors, such as a natural selection whithin the sport, are the cause.

Comparison of Climacteric Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Self-Care Attitudes before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the climacteric symptoms, quality of life indices, and self-care attitudes in women before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2020 and September 2021. The sample consisted of 342 climacteric women who were divided into two groups: before the pandemic (BP group; n = 62) and during the pandemic (DP group; n = 280). The Menopause Rating Scale and Women's Health Questionnaire were used to measure the health-related quality of life and degree of climacteric symptoms reported by women. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, women were able to decrease their somatic symptoms derived from the climacteric period (BP group: 7.84 ± 4.46, DP group: 5.94 ± 9.20; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There was no worsening in the self-reported symptoms, quality of life, and self-care attitudes of climacteric women because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, only somatic symptoms decreased during the pandemic.

Association between Visceral and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Quality in Sedentary and Physically Active Ovariectomized Wistar Rats.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is considered protective for bone mass, but this view has been progressively challenged. Menopause is characterized by low bone mass and increased adiposity. Our aim was to determine how visceral and bone marrow adiposity change following ovariectomy (OVX), how they correlate with bone quality and if they are influenced by physical activity. METHODS: Five-month-old Wistar rats were OVX or sham-operated and maintained in sedentary or physically active conditions for 9 months. Visceral and bone marrow adiposity as well as bone turnover, femur bone quality and biomechanical properties were assessed. RESULTS: OVX resulted in higher weight, visceral and bone marrow adiposity. Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with femur Ct.Th (r = -0.63, p < 0.001), BV/TV (r = -0.67, p < 0.001), Tb.N (r = -0.69, p < 0.001) and positively with Tb.Sp (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Bone marrow adiposity also correlated with bone resorption (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), bone formation rate (r = -0.63, p < 0.01), BV/TV (r = -0.85, p < 0.001), Ct.Th (r = -0.51, p < 0.0.01), and with higher empty osteocyte lacunae (r = 0.39, p < 0.05), higher percentage of osteocytes with oxidative stress (r = 0.64, p < 0.0.01) and lower femur maximal stress (r = -0.58, p < 0.001). Physical activity correlated inversely with both visceral (r = -0.74, p < 0.01) and bone marrow adiposity (r = -0.92, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: OVX increases visceral and bone marrow adiposity which are associated with inferior bone quality and biomechanical properties. Physical activity could contribute to reduce adipose tissue and thereby improve bone quality.

Anatomical, Histological, and Histochemical Analyses of the Scent Glands of the Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides).

Fossil evidence suggests that scent glands are basal features of Testudines. However, we know little about the structure of these glands in the Brazilian Kinosternidae. In this study, we described the macroscopic anatomy, histology, and histochemistry of the scent glands of three males and three females of Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides from the Marajó mesoregion, Pará State, Brazil. In all of the specimens analyzed, regardless of sex, we found four scent glands, including two axillary and two inguinal glands that were structurally similar to each other. Each gland consisted of a single holocrine secretory lobule, a large lumen surrounded by relatively thin glandular secretory epithelium, an adjacent narrow layer of loose connective tissue, and a thick layer of skeletal striated muscle tissue surrounded by a serous tunic. The secretory epithelium produced a characteristic malodorous yellowish substance that was passed via a single duct through a bone channel in the bridge connecting the carapace to the plastron and excreted through an outer pore in the plate of each respective gland. Histologically, the secretory epithelium presented cells with two types of secretory vacuoles. Type 1 vacuoles stained red were the largest and most frequently found, and stained positively with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), suggesting they contained glycoproteic complexes. Type 2 vacuoles were translucent, smaller in size and fewer in number, and negative for PAS staining. Because they are very primitive structures, scent glands must play important roles in the lives of chelonians, but their real function remains unknown. Several hypotheses suggest that they can act as protection against ectoparasites, as a repellent of predators, in addition to attracting mates and eliciting other pheromonal responses. In this study, all animals reacted by exuding malodorous substances when handled, as a form of defense. However, these are just assumptions that need to be clarified with additional studies on animal behavior. Anat Rec, 303:1489-1500, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.

Myxomycetes collection preserved in the herbarium of the Federal University of Roraima (Brazil) / Coleção de Myxomycetes conservada no herbário da Universidade Federal de Roraima

First records of myxomycetes in the North region of Brazil go back to the 19th century. Nevertheless, the myxobiota of this region is still largely unexplored, with only 42 species recorded, distributed in 20 genera and seven families. The objectives of this paper were to characterize the Myxomycetes collection of the Herbarium of the Federal University of Roraima (UFRR) and to add new records for the myxobiota of this State. The collection holds specimens collected in fragments of Open Ombrophilous Forest, Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest, Riparian Forest, deforested areas and urban home gardens in the state of Roraima. The 157 exsiccates were analyzed and identified or redetermined based on identification keys, descriptions and illustrations. The collection is in good conditions of preservation and includes all subclasses of Myxomycetes, 83% of its orders, 50% of its families, and 20 species. Trichiales, with one family, three genera and six species, represents 62% of all exsiccates. Cribraria aff. splendens, Metatrichia vesparia, Physarella oblonga, Stemonaria longa and Stemonitis splendens are new records for Roraima and Arcyria obvelata, Comatricha pulchella, Stemonitis pallida and Stemonitopsis aequalis are referred for the first time in the Northern Region, enlarging the knowledge of the Brazilian geographic distribution of these species.

Os primeiros registros de mixomicetos na Região Norte do Brasil remontam ao Século XIX. Todavia, a mixobiota desta região está ainda muito pouco explorada, com apenas 42 espécies registradas, distribuídas em 20 gêneros e sete famílias. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a coleção de Myxomycetes do Herbário da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) e adicionar novos registros para a mixobiota deste estado. A coleção contém espécimes coletados em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta, Floresta Estacional Semi-decidual, Mata Ciliar, áreas desmatadas e quintais urbanos no estado de Roraima. As 157 exsicatas foram analisadas e identificadas ou redeterminadas com base em chaves de identificação, descrições e ilustrações. A coleção encontra-se em boas condições de conservação e inclui todas as subclasses de Myxomycetes, 83% das ordens, 50% das famílias e 20 espécies. A ordem Trichiales, com uma família, três gêneros e seis espécies, corresponde a 62% das exsicatas. Cribraria aff. splendens, Metatrichia vesparia, Physarella oblonga, Stemonaria longa e Stemonitis splendens são novos registros para o estado de Roraima e Arcyria obvelata, Comatricha pulchella, Stemonitis pallida e Stemonitopsis aequalis são referidas pela primeira vez para a Região Norte, ampliando a distribuição geográfica conhecida para estas espécies no Brasil.

Infraestrutura de segurança para comunicação, autenticação e autorização transparentes em hospitais federados / Security infrastructure for transparent communication, authentication and authorization in federated hospitals / Infraestructura de seguridad para la comunicación, autenticación y autorización transparentes en hospitalesfederados

A interação entre sistemas e profissionais de saúde de diferentes instituições, por meio da tecnologia, permite que recursos, tais como dados clínicos, transpassem barreiras geográficas e contribuam, desta forma, no cuidado ao paciente. Todavia, este ambiente se depara com os desafios da autenticação e autorização em ambientes distribuídos e autônomos e, ainda, com outras questões de segurança divididas nas seguintes áreas interligadas: sigilo, autenticação, disponibilidade, não-repúdio e controle de integridade. Assim, este trabalho define um modelo capaz de abstrair parte da complexidade na comunicação distribuída, entre centros de saúde, com ênfase na segurança, de maneira a oferecer uma base confiável e transparente para autenticação e autorização federada neste cenário. Padrões de Segurança para Serviços Web, como SAML e XACML, foram utilizados para promover a interoperabilidade e transposição de atributos dos usuários e das políticas de controle de acesso entre os Hospitais Federados. Redes Virtuais Privadas e o protocolo Lightweight Directory Access (LDAP) formaram a base para o estabelecimento dos elos de comunicação, de forma escalável e distribuída. A combinação dos padrões, protocolos e ferramentas possibilitou a elaboração de um modelo capaz de localizar dados de pacientes, espalhados por diversos hospitais, com tratamento dinâmico do controle de acesso as dados.

The interaction between health systems and professionals from different institutions, through technology, allows resources such as clinical data, to overcome geographical barriers and thus, contribute in patient care. However, this environment is faced with the challenges of authentication and authorization in distributed and autonomous environments, and also with security issues divided into the following interrelated areas: confidentiality, authentication, availability, non-repudiation and integrity control. So, this paper defines a model capable of abstracting part of the complexity in distributed communication between health centers, with emphasis on safety, to provide a reliable and transparent basis for authentication and federated authorization in this scenario. Security Standards for Web Services, such as SAML and XACML, were used to promote interoperability and implementation of attributes of users and access control policies among federal hospitals.Virtual Private Networks and the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) formed the basis for the establishment of communication links, in a scalable and distributed way. The union of these standards, protocols and tools made possible the development of a model able to locate patient data, scattered across several hospitals, treated with dynamic access control.

La interacción entre los sistemas y profesionales de salud de diferentes instituciones, a través de la tecnología, permite que recursos como datos clínicos, superen las barreras geográficas y contribuan, por lo tanto en la atención al paciente. Sin embargo, este ambiente enfrenta a los desafíos de autenticación y autorización em ambientes distribuídos y autónomos, y también con otros problemas de seguridad divididas en las siguientes áreas interrelacionadas: la confidencialidad, la autenticación, la disponibilidad, no repudio y control de la integridad. Por lo tanto, el presente documento define un modelo capaz de abstrair parte de la complejidad en la comunicación distribuida entre los centros de salud, com énfasis en la seguridad con el fin de proporcionar una base confiable y transparente para la autenticación y la autorización federada en este escenario. Padrões de Seguridad para Servicios Web, SAML y XACML fueron utilizados para promover la interoperabilidad y la transposición de los atributos de los usuarios y las políticas de control de acceso entre los hospitales federales. Redes Virtuales Privadas y el Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) sirvieron de base para el establecimiento de vínculos de comunicación, en una solución escalable y distribuida. La combinación de padrões, protocolos y herramientas hizo posible el desarrollo de un modelo capaz de localizar los datos del paciente, dispersos en vários hospitales, con tratamiento dinámico del control de acceso a los mismos.

Occurrence and distribution of the Ceratiomyxales (Myxomycetes) in northeastern Brazil

Order Ceratiomyxales, which belongs to subclass Ceratiomyxomycetidae, includes the exospore bearing Myxomycetes, solely comprising family Ceratiomyxaceae and genus Ceratiomyxa, with four species. Based on the literature, on herbarium collections, and on recent surveys carried out by the authors in different states and ecosystems, it was possible to determine the occurrence and distribution of C. fruticulosa (cosmopolitan),C. morchella and C. sphaerosperma (predominantly tropical or subtropical) in northeastern Brazil. Species descriptions and illustrations are presented, as well as a map of their geographical distribution in eight of the nine states of Northeast Brazil. This order is being recorded for the first time for the state of Sergipe. Ceratiomyxa morchella and C. sphaerosperma are being cited for the first time for the state of Paraíba.

A ordem Ceratiomyxales, pertencente à subclasse Ceratiomyxomycetidae, reúne os representantes exosporados dos Myxomycetes, compreendendo apenas a família Ceratiomyxaceae e o gênero Ceratiomyxa, com quatro espécies. Com base na literatura, coleções de herbário e coletas recentes realizadas pelos autores em diferentes estados e ecossistemas, foi possível estabelecer a ocorrência e distribuição na região Nordeste do Brasil de C. fruticulosa, cosmopolita, C. morchella e C. sphaerosperma, predominantemente tropicais ou subtropicais. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações das espécies, bem como mapa de distribuição geográfica em oito dos nove estados situados no Nordeste do país. A ordem está sendo referida pela primeira vez para o estado de Sergipe. C. morchella e C. sphaerosperma constituem primeira referência para o estado da Paraíba.